Rechargeable batteries are indispensable in today's world. Lithium-ion batteries represent the state of the art and can be found in almost all battery-operated devices. Lithium is a raw material that is only available in small quantities. The cost of production is constantly rising. Sodium-ion batteries offer alternatives for this technology. These are currently on the verge of industrial introduction and have a lower cost point in production compared to lithium-ion batteries. The aim is to characterize sodium-ion batteries using a variety of methods. Electrochemical methods should be emphasized here. The individual main components of the battery with the anode, cathode and electrolyte are examined in detail. The aim is to determine the parameters of these components and use them for a subsequent simulation. The anode represents a hard carbon material. This is also currently preferred in the industry. To increase the specific energy density within the cell, it is also possible to use sodium metal anodes. Sodium in its pure form can be used only to a limited extent. Alternatives must be suggested for long-term use within the cell. During cycling, dendrites are formed on the sodium metal. This effect can be significantly reduced with a superficial modification of sodium. A variety of methods have been tested for their functionality. The most promising method is coating with NaOH. With this it is possible to quintuple the battery life. For the cathode, as a starting point a layered oxide with a composition of Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 was used. This material represents a substitution of LiCoO2 (LCO). The titanium is used as a structural stabilizer and is not electrochemically active. The third component of a battery is the electrolyte. Here properties such as ionic conductivity and diffusion coefficients are determined. In addition to the liquid variants, a NASICON solid-state electrolyte is also examined more in detail. The determined parameters serve as a basis for the simulation. The aim is to use the methods from the lithium-ion batteries and apply them to sodium-ion batteries. Two methods are used. One is the investigation using an electrical equivalent circuit diagram. This method is also used for evaluating impedance measurements. Secondly, electrochemical simulations using the particle method were applied. In these observations, the individual components anode, cathode and electrolyte are considered individually and the resulting overvoltage is implied in the cell voltage. The investigations represent a holistic view of sodium-ion batteries and show that the methods are comparable but not directly transferable from lithium-ion batteries to sodium-ion batteries.